Clinical features of hypertension in patients with normal weight and overweight

Abstract

Objective of the study: То determine the clinical features of arterial hypertension in overweight patients. Materials and methods. There were 170 patients included in the study and depending on body weight were divided into two groups: group I – 86 patients with normal body weight and group II – 84 patients with overweight. In our work we calculated the proportion of patients with abdominal obesity and also analyzed concomitant pathology according to the available medical documentation and anamnesis. Results. There were slightly more women in the two groups. Comparing the data of office measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension with normal weight and overweight didn’t show significant differences. The most significant association was observed between patients with overweight and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (objective data (OD) 3.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55–5.13) and with impaired glucose tolerance (OR 3.54; 95% CI 1.12–5.68). The percentage of patients with dyscholesterolemia was also statistically higher, although slightly lower than in previous cases (OD 2.61; 95% CI 1.05–3.87) and with gastroesophageal reflux disease (OD 3.14; 95% CI 1.56–5.99). A direct correlation was found between patients with abdominal obesity and the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), dyscholesterolemia (r = 0.53, p < 0.05) and with diabetes (r = 0.45, p < 0.05). In addition, patients who smoked significantly more often had coronary heart disease (p = 0.044). Conclusions. The article summarizes information on the clinical features of arterial hypertension in overweight patients. The prevalence of hypertension among the adult population is 30-45%, with overweight and obesity continuing to occupy leading positions among young and mature people in the developed world and in middle-income countries. Determining the features of the course, duration of the disease, the distribution between stage and degree in this category of patients will help to develop optimal algorithms for patient management.

Keywords

• arterial hypertension
• overweight
• obesity
• coronary heart disease
• dyscholesterolemia