Natural occurrence, biological activities and synthesis of eight-, nine-, and eleven-membered ring lactones

Abstract

The natural occurrence, biological activities and synthetic approaches to natural eight-, nine-, and eleven-membered lactones is reviewed. These medium ring lactones are grouped according to ring size, and their syntheses are discussed. The structures of some natural products early identified as medium-ring lactones were revised after total synthesis.

Keywords

• medium ring lactones
• synthesis
• natural products