SnO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposites for the photodegradation of the Congo red dye

Abstract

Synthesis of SnO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposites was conducted. The purpose of this study was to obtain the SnO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposites, the effectiveness of photodegradation Congo red by SnO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposites and determine the kinetics of photodegradation. The XRD analysis showed that the SnO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposite best mass ratio was 1:1 based on the highest intensity of characteristic angle (2θ), which is 26.54° and had the smallest crystal size, which is 9.662 nm. Based on the UV-Vis DRS result, the SnO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposites bandgap value was 2.3 eV. The magnetization saturation value of SnO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposites was 64.96 emu/g. The morphology of SnO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposites showed by the TEM image, where the dark spots spread in the lighter areas. The surface of SnO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposites characterized by SEM with the result was bumpy surface and many pores. The EDS result of SnO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposites confirmed the presence of Fe, Sn, and O elements. The functional group of SnO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposites showed by FTIR data, the stretch band of Sn–O characteristics showed at wavenumber 590 cm−1, and the stretch band of Fe–O showed at wavenumber 563 cm−1. The optimum condition of nanocomposites at a contact time of 90 min and the optimum concentration of 18 mg/L showed that the percent of photodegradation was 50.76%. The photodegradation rate of SnO2–Fe3O4 was fitted to Pseudo-second-order.

Keywords

• SnO2–Fe3O4
• Nanocomposite
• Photodegradation
• Congo red
• Hydrothermal