Gastroenterologìa (Sep 2022)
Modulation of lipid peroxidation and energy metabolism in the gastric mucosa as a mechanism of antiulcer activity of placental cryoextract in the healing of stress-induced ulcers
Abstract
Background. Peptic ulcer disease has a leading place in the overall structure of digestive diseases: its prevalence is 6.00–10.0 % of the population in developed countries, and mortality ranges from 6 to 9.7 per 100 thousand population. An important etiological factor of this pathology is the neuropsychological background, primarily stress, which under repeated exposure becomes the initiating factor of physiological imbalance between the elements of aggression and protection of the gastric mucosa. The purpose was to establish the mechanisms of the protective activity of placental cryoextract based on the biochemical indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in the gastric mucosa on a model of stress-induced erosive-ulcerative damage. Materials and methods. Studies were performed on 28 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 200–220 g. Stress-induced gastric ulcer was modeled under water-immobilization stress in rats according to the K.Y. Takagi et al. In the gastric mucosa, the content of reactants with thiobarbituric acid was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of T. Asakawa et al., catalase activity — spectrophotometrically by the method of M.A. Korolyuk et al., the content of reduced glutathione — spectrophotometrically by the method of E.D. Beutler et al., the level of adenyl nucleotides was determined using chromatographic method. Energy charge was calculated by D.E. Atkinson equation. Results. The prophylactic five-day use of placental cryoextract led to a decrease in the severity of stress-induced lipid peroxidation and energy imbalance in the gastric mucosa. Thus, it was found that rats who received placental cryoextract had a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in adenosine triphosphate content by 73.3 %, an increase in adenosine diphosphate (p < 0.001) by 37.3 % and a decrease in adenosine monophosphate (p < 0.001) by 47.6 % that led to an increase in energy charge (p < 0.001) by 35.1 % compared to rats exposed to water-immobilization stress without correction (control group). It was shown that the use of placental cryoextract led to a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in the antioxidant-prooxidant index by 3.1 times versus control group, which was (26.60 ± 0.96) and (8.60 ± 0.43), respectively. Conclusions. Prophylactic five-day administration of placental cryoextract leads to the restoration of balance in the system of adenyl nucleotides and, accordingly, to a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in the energy charge by 35.1 % compared to the control animals. Inhibition of stress-induced hyperactivation of lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa is one of the mechanisms of its antiulcer activity.
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