PENELITIAN TENTANG PERSYARATAN DAN KEKHUSUSAN KALIMAT PASIF DALAM BAHASA JEPANG DAN PERBANDINGANNYA DALAM BAHASA IINDONESIA (RESEARCH ON THE TERMS AND SPECIFICS OF PASSIVE SENTENCES IN JAPANESE AND THEIR COMPARISON IN INDONESIAN)

Abstract

In Japanese passive sentences, there are direct passive sentences that have an equivalent in the active sentence, and indirect passive sentences that do not have an equivalent in the active sentence. Direct passive sentences in Indonesian are expressed with the affix "di-", but indirect passive sentences cannot be expressed with the affix "di-", In addition, based on the results of a questionnaire to Japanese language learners, When asked about whether there is a passive form of the active sentence「私は木村君を褒められた」and whether it is natural or not, all respondents answered that the passive form exists and is natural, namely「木村君は私に褒められた」, which in Indonesian is, "Kimura was praised by me". In Indonesian, passive sentences like the example above are acceptable, but in Japanese they are very unnatural. According to Takami (2011), there are 4 important conditions in Japanese direct passive sentences, namely the speaker's point of view, the condition of change of condition, the condition of specificity and the condition of loss. In Japanese, if one of these four conditions is met (or two or more conditions), then the passive sentence is acceptable. When looking at the passive voice in Indonesian, there are no four conditions as there are in the Japanese passive voice. And there is a tendency that all passive sentences in Japanese will be translated by using the affix "di-". Vice versa, all words with "di-" will be translated into passive form in Japanese. Especially, as in the sentence "fresh vegetables are washed before eating", it is very unnatural when translated into passive form in Japanese. According to Sneddon (1996), there are two types of passive sentences in Indonesian. The first is type 1 passive sentence and type 2 passive sentence. The agent in type 1 passive sentences is the 3rd person pronoun, where the object in the active sentence changes to the subject in the passive sentence, and the affix "me-" changes to the affix "di-". In type 2 passive sentences, the offender is a personal pronoun. In this type, the object in the active sentence is moved to the beginning of the sentence, and the passive sentence is formed by removing the "me-" affix from the verb. This form is also called "passive zero". The requirements and specificities of the passive voice in Japanese and the forms of the passive voice in Indonesian that cannot all be passive in Japanese are what Indonesian learners do not understand, making it difficult to understand the passive voice in Japanese.

Keywords

• passive sentences