Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Inhibitory Effects against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Human Oral Cavity Isolates of <i>Rothia mucilaginosa</i>, <i>Georgenia</i> sp. and <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i>

Abstract

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial cells embedded in biofilm matrices can lead to the development of chronic cariogenesis. Here, we isolated and identified three Gram-positive MDR oral cocci, (1) SJM-04, (2) SJM-38, and (3) SJM-65, and characterized them morphologically, biochemically, and by 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis as Georgenia sp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Rothia mucilaginosa, respectively. These three oral isolates exhibited antibiotic-resistance against nalidixic acid, tetracycline, cefuroxime, methicillin, and ceftazidime. Furthermore, these Gram positive MDR oral cocci showed significant (p 2NPs (14.7 nm) significantly (p 2NPs (size range 5–25 nm, crystalline size 13.7 nm, and spherical shape) as an oral antibiofilm agent against Gram positive cocci infections. We suggest that TiO2NPs pave the way for further applications in oral mouthwash formulations and antibiofilm dental coatings.

Keywords

• oral bacteria
• <i>Rothia mucilaginosa</i>
• TiO₂NPs
• biofilm inhibition