Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19 Infection Requiring Hospitalization—Correlations with Various Parameters

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to analyze the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ionic calcium, total calcium and serum magnesium upon hospital admission, taking into account the association of type 2 diabetes as a metabolic comorbidity. Our study included 57 patients: a group of 28 patients without diabetes, but with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, and a second group of 29 patients with type 2 diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. The serum level of calcium and magnesium of the patients included in the study did not differ statistically significantly in those with type 2 diabetes compared to those without type 2 diabetes who were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the time of hospitalization. Ionic calcium, total calcium, and serum magnesium did not statistically significantly influence the survival of the patients with COVID-19 infection included in this research, but the type of infection severity (mild or moderate) did influence the survival rate. Concerning the diabetic patients, a statistically significant correlation was found between serum total calcium and total serum proteins, and another one between ionic calcium and uric acid, urea, and total cholesterol. Serum total calcium and D-dimers were statistically significantly correlated with being transferred to the intensive care unit. On the other hand, magnesium significantly correlated with lipids (triglycerides, total lipids) and inflammatory (fibrinogen, ESR) biomarkers.

Keywords

• serum ionic calcium
• total serum calcium
• serum magnesium
• SARS-CoV-2
• COVID-19
• type 2 diabetes