HIV/AIDS: Research and Palliative Care (Nov 2020)
Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing Among Commercial Motorcyclist Youths: An Exploration of Ethical Challenges and Coping Mechanisms in Dar es Salaam
Abstract
Thadei S Mlughu,1 Amani Anaeli,2 Renatha Joseph,1 Nathanael Sirili2 1Department of Bioethics and Health Professionalism, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 2Department of Development Studies, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaCorrespondence: Nathanael Sirili Department of Developmental StudiesMuhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaEmail [email protected]: Regardless, the known benefits of voluntary testing and counseling (VCT) in the fight against HIV/AIDS, its uptake is still low among youth. This study explored ethical challenges facing voluntary counseling and testing for HIV/AIDS among youth engaged in commercial motorcycling in Kinondoni municipality, Dar es Salaam city.Methods: Qualitative exploratory study was carried out to 35 people using key informants’ interviews (KIIs), in-depth interviews (IDIs), and focus group discussions (FGDs). Key informants were purposefully selected based on their roles in VCT services, while the FGD participants and in-depth interview respondents were purposefully selected among youth commercial motorcyclists. Qualitative content data analysis was used to analyze the gathered information.Findings: Results of this study show that lack of privacy during counseling and treatment, fear of HIV status disclosure to others by counselors and difficulties in counseling are the main ethical challenges facing VCT services among youth in Kinondoni municipality. Shortage of counselors to match the number of VCT services’ clients and lack of on-job training on HIV/AIDS testing and counseling among counselors partly contributed to the revealed ethical challenges. In an attempt to address the ethical challenges, youth peer educators and routine supervision were the available initiatives on improving VCT services among youth.Conclusion: VCT services face ethical challenges which are either health facility-based, community-based or are at the national level. Addressing the ethical challenges is necessary in order to improve the uptake of VCT services and thus strengthen the fight against HIV/AIDS. Deployment of enough counselors, refresher training to counselors, and raising community awareness on HIV/AIDS and the negative impacts of stigma are among the initial strategies for remedying the situation.Keywords: ethical challenges, voluntary, counseling, testing, HIV/AIDS, youth and HIV, Tanzania, commercial motorcyclists, shortage of counselors
