Infection and Drug Resistance (Jul 2022)

Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococci at Animal Human Interface in Smallholders and Dairy Farms in Central Oromia, Ethiopia

  • Marami LM,
  • Berhanu G,
  • Tekle M,
  • Agga GE,
  • Beyene TJ,
  • Tufa TB,
  • Beyi AF,
  • Edao BM

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 15
pp. 3767 – 3777

Abstract

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Lencho Megersa Marami,1 Gemechu Berhanu,2 Muluken Tekle,3 Getahun Ejeta Agga,4 Tariku Jibat Beyene,5 Takele Beyene Tufa,3 Ashenafi Feyisa Beyi,6 Bedaso Mammo Edao3 1Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia; 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Oromia, Ethiopia; 3Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia; 4US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Bowling Green, KY, USA; 5Centre for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; 6Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USACorrespondence: Bedaso Mammo Edao, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia, Tel +251911167171, Email [email protected]: Staphylococcus species come from a variety of sources and can contaminate milk during milking, cause mastitis and other diseases in animals and humans. The enterotoxins they produce cause food poisoning. Our objectives were to isolate, biochemically characterize, and determine antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus species from dairy farms in central Oromia, Ethiopia.Methods: A total of 339 samples (n = 135 [raw milk], n = 135 [udders’ swabs], n = 25 [milkers’ hands swabs], n = 44 [pooled milking utensils’ swabs]) were collected from smallholders and dairy farms. Bacteriological culture and biochemical tests were performed to isolate and identify Staphylococcus species, and the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Results: Across all sample types and dairy farms, 247 (72.9%) Staphylococcus isolates were obtained which comprised of 101 (74.8%) isolates from raw milk, 98 (72.6%) from udder swabs, 30 (68.2%) from pooled utensil swabs, and 18 (72%) from milkers’ hand swabs. Fifty coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolates (20 S. aureus, 20 S. hyicus and 10 S. intermedius) subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests have shown various degrees of resistance. All S. aureus isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. Out of 20 S. hyicus isolates, 90% were resistant to ampicillin and 85% to penicillin. S. intermedius isolates (n=10) were 70% resistant to nalidixic acid and penicillin whilst remaining 100% resistant to ampicillin. Five S. aureus, three S. intermedius and two S. hyicus isolates from raw milk, milk utensil swabs and milkers’ hand swabs were multidrug-resistant (resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobials).Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of staphylococci in the dairy cattle, milkers and milking utensils with multidrug-resistant coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species suggesting the significance of pasteurization. Further research is encouraged on the factors leading to antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus species.Keywords: antimicrobial susceptibility profile, cattle, dairy farms, smallholders, Staphylococcus species

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