First data on testate amoebae associated with the endemic cave bivalve Congeria jalzici Morton & Bilandžija, 2013 with a description of Psammonobiotus dinarica sp. nov.

Abstract

Testate amoebae are phylogenetically a very diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms. They can be found in marine and freshwater habitats and in soil. Some of these single-celled organisms inhabit both surface and cave habitats, but their diversity in caves has barely been explored. Recent studies in the Dinaric region imply that testate amoebae in caves show a high diversity. The aim of this study was to identify the alpha diversity of testate amoebae in the Lika region (Dinaric karst, Croatia) and to compare the habitats of different caves based on testate amoebae assemblages. In eight caves we found more than 40 testate amoebae taxa, including a new testate amoeba species, Psammonobiotus dinarica sp. nov. The greatest diversity of testate amoebae was found in Markov ponor (27 taxa). The Bray-Curtis Similarity Index showed that testate amoebae assemblages in caves inhabited by the endemic and endangered cave bivalve Congeria jalzici (Markov ponor, Dankov ponor and Dražice ponor) differ from caves not inhabited by this species. This differentiation is attributed to the impact of the sinking Lika river, which occasionally completely submerges these caves, creating specific habitats for eukaryotic microorganisms. This study contributes to our understanding of the diversity, biogeography and ecology of testate amoebae in caves, as well as providing further insight into the conditions that sustain populations of C. jalzici.