CITRA UBUD BALI BERDASARKAN PETA KOGNISI MASYARAKAT

Abstract

Berbagai kota maupun wilayah di Indonesia banyak memiliki potensi pariwisata yang menarik sehingga dikunjungi oleh turis dari berbagai macam negara. Salah satunya adalah area Ubud Bali yang memiliki banyak destinasi wisata dan terus berkembang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pariwisatanya. Perkembangan yang pesat tersebut dikhawatirkan akan menyebabkan kepadatan lingkungan yang tidak terkendali dan berubahnya citra Ubud sebagai kawasan alam dan pedesaan yang tenang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui citra Ubud berdasarkan kognisi spasial yang tergambar melalui peta kognisi (cognitive map) masyarakatnya. Citra Ubud tersebut diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan untuk perkembangan area Ubud nantinya. Penelitian yang dilakukan di area Ubud, Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali ini menggunakan metode penelitian pemetaan kognisi (cognitive mapping). Melalui metode ini sebelas responden diminta untuk menggambarkan sketsa peta area Ubud dengan menunjukkan lima elemen kota menurut Kevin Lynch, yaitu landmark, node, path, district, dan edge. Dari sebelas cognitive map yang tergambar, didapatkan hasil bahwa Ubud memiliki citra kawasan sebagai kawasan wisata yang masih memegang kuat budayanya. Hal ini ditunjukkan melalui perempatan Ubud dan Monkey Forest sebagai elemen spasial yang tertanam kuat dalam kognisi responden. IMAGE OF UBUD BALI BASED ON COGNITIVE MAP OF THE DWELLERS Various regions in Indonesia have many attractive tourism potentials and are visited by tourists from various countries. One of them is the area of Ubud, Bali, which has many tourist destinations and continues to grow to meet the needs of tourism. This rapidly growing tourism will raise some concerns about uncontrolled urban density and the alteration of Ubud’s image as a peaceful and natural rural area. Therefore, this research was conducted to find out the image of Ubud based on the dwellers’ spatial cognition, which is drawn through their cognitive maps. This image of Ubud is expected to be used as a consideration for the development of the Ubud area. The research was conducted in the area of Ubud, Gianyar, Bali, and used cognitive mapping as the research method. Through this method, eleven respondents were asked to sketch the maps of Ubud area by showing five city’s elements, according to Kevin Lynch. Those elements are landmark, node, path, district, and edge. From eleven cognitive maps drawn, the obtained result is that Ubud has the image of a tourist area that still holds a strong culture. This is shown through the intersection of Ubud and Monkey Forest as spatial elements that are firmly embedded in the respondents’ spatial cognition.

Keywords

• citra kota, kognisi spasial, elemen spasial, imageability, legibility