A numerical method to solve fractional Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential equations

Abstract

The Goolden ratio is famous for the predictability it provides both in the microscopic world as well as in the dynamics of macroscopic structures of the universe. The extension of the Fibonacci series to the Fibonacci polynomials gives us the opportunity to use this powerful tool in the study of Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential equations. In this paper, we define a new hybrid fractional function consisting of block-pulse functions and Fibonacci polynomials (FHBPF). For this, in the Fibonacci polynomials we perform the transformation x → xα, with α a real parameter. In the method developed in this paper, we propose that the unknown function Dαf(x) be written as a linear combination of FHBPF. We consider the fractional derivative Dα in the Caputo sense. Using theoretical considerations, we can write both the function f(x) and other involved functions of type Dβf(x) on the same basis. For this operation, we have to define an integral operator of Riemann-Liouville type associated to FHBPF, and with the help of hypergeometric functions, we can express this operator exactly. All these ingredients together with the collocation in the Newton-Cotes nodes transform the integro-differential equation into an algebraic system that we solve by applying Newton’s iterative method. We conclude the paper with some examples to demonstrate that the proposed method is simple to implement and accurate. There are situations when by simply considering α ≠ 1, we obtain an improvement in accuracy by 12 orders of magnitude.

Keywords

• Fractional-order
• Hybrid functions
• Block-pulse
• Fibonacci polynomials
• Hypergeometric function