The cosmological constant derived via galaxy groups and clusters

Abstract

Abstract The common nature of dark matter and dark energy is argued in Gurzadyan (Eur Phys J Plus 134:14, 2019) based on the approach that the cosmological constant $$\varLambda $$ Λ enters the weak-field General Relativity following from Newton theorem on the “sphere-point mass” equivalency (Gurzadyan and Stepanian in Eur Phys J C 78:632, 2018). Here we probe the $$\varLambda $$ Λ -gravity description of dark matter in galaxy systems, from pairs up to galaxy clusters using the data of various sources, i.e. of Local Supercluster galaxy surveys, gravity lensing and Planck satellite. The prediction that the cosmological constant has to be the lower limit for the weak-field $$\varLambda $$ Λ obtained from galaxy systems of various degree of virialization is shown to be supported by those observations. The results therefore support the $$\varLambda $$ Λ -gravity nature of dark matter in the studied systems, implying that the positivity of the cosmological constant might be deduced decades ago from the dynamics of galaxies and galaxy clusters far before the cosmological SN surveys.