Antibiotic use in dentistry: A cross-sectional survey from a developing country

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a well-known entity and the most common factor leading to this is the irrational use of antibiotics. Several studies from the West have substantiated the irrational use of antibiotics in dentistry. Aims: The aim was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of antimicrobial drug use among dental fraternity in a tertiary care teaching dental college and hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey of various dental fraternities using a structured validated questionnaire. The study was initiated following approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and interns, junior residents and faculty members of various departments in dentistry were enrolled after obtaining written informed consent. A structured validated questionnaire was developed to assess the above-mentioned objectives. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics was used for representing each category of response and kappa statistics were used to assess the reliability in the initial cohort. Chi-square test for independence was used to evaluate the difference in proportion between different professional cadres. Results: A total of 120 participants were recruited out of which 81.6% (98/120) of the participants accepted their frequent antibiotic usage. The most common dental indication of antibiotics among dentists was post dental extraction, attributing to 30.8% (37/120), followed by dental abscess 21.6% (26/120) and 60% (72/120) prescribed antibiotics after most minor surgical procedures. Surprisingly, 37.5% (45/120) of the participants opined that they use antibiotics against viral infection. Regarding the spectrum of antibiotic usage, 74.1% (89/120) preferred broad spectrum instead of narrow spectrum 25.8% (31/120). The commonly prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin 71.7% (86/120), metronidazole 33.3% (40/120), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid 26.6% (32/120). A total of (43/120) 35.8% opted generic name for mentioning the antibiotics while the rest (77/120) 64.2% preferred to prescribe using their brand name. Furthermore, (76/120) 63.3% did not know about the recent antibiotic policy/guidelines from the Government of India. There was no significant difference observed in any of the responses between various academic levels. Conclusion: We found poor KAP regarding antimicrobial use in dentistry thereby conferring increasing potential for the development of more serious antimicrobial resistance. Immediate constitution of hospital antibiotic committee and scrutinizing the prescription of antibiotics is mandatory in dental hospitals as well.

Keywords

• Antimicrobials, dentistry, irrational drug use