Frontiers in Endocrinology (Dec 2022)

Progression of metabolic syndrome and associated cardiometabolic risk factors from prepuberty to puberty in children: The PUBMEP study

  • Carmela de Lamas,
  • Carmela de Lamas,
  • Anton Kalén,
  • Anton Kalén,
  • Augusto Anguita-Ruiz,
  • Augusto Anguita-Ruiz,
  • Augusto Anguita-Ruiz,
  • Augusto Anguita-Ruiz,
  • Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós,
  • Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós,
  • Rosaura Picáns-Leis,
  • Rosaura Picáns-Leis,
  • Rosaura Picáns-Leis,
  • Katherine Flores,
  • Katherine Flores,
  • Luis A. Moreno,
  • Luis A. Moreno,
  • Luis A. Moreno,
  • Gloria Bueno,
  • Gloria Bueno,
  • Gloria Bueno,
  • Gloria Bueno,
  • Ángel Gil,
  • Ángel Gil,
  • Ángel Gil,
  • Mercedes Gil-Campos,
  • Mercedes Gil-Campos,
  • Concepción M. Aguilera,
  • Concepción M. Aguilera,
  • Concepción M. Aguilera,
  • Rosaura Leis,
  • Rosaura Leis,
  • Rosaura Leis,
  • Rosaura Leis

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1082684
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13

Abstract

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IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of clinical and metabolic alterations related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Metabolic changes occurring during puberty, especially in children with overweight and obesity, can influence the risk of developing chronic diseases, especially CVD.MethodsLongitudinal study based on the follow-up until puberty of a cohort of 191 prepubertal Spanish boys and girls without congenital, chronic, or inflammatory diseases: undernutrition: or intake of any drug that could alter blood glucose, blood pressure, or lipid metabolism. The following parameters were used to determine the presence of MetS: obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-c.ResultsA total of 75·5% of participants stayed in the same BMI category from prepuberty to puberty, whereas 6·3% increased by at least one category. The prevalence of MetS was 9·1% (prepubertal stage) and 11·9% (pubertal stage). The risk of presenting alterations in puberty for systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma triacylglycerols, HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), and HOMA-IR was significantly higher in those participants who had the same alterations in prepuberty. MetS prevalence in puberty was predicted by sex and levels of HOMA-IR, BMI-z, and waist circumference in the prepubertal stage, in the whole sample: in puberty, the predictors were levels of HOMA-IR, BMI-z, and diastolic blood pressure in participants with obesity. Two fast-and-frugal decision trees were built to predict the risk of MetS in puberty based on prepuberty HOMA-IR (cutoff 2·5), SBP (cutoff 106 mm of Hg), and TAG (cutoff 53 mg/dl).DiscussionControlling obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, especially HOMA-IR and blood pressure, in children during the prepubertal stage appears critical to preventing pubertal MetS effectively.

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