Clinical Epidemiology (Aug 2024)

Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis

  • Bays DJ,
  • Jenkins EN,
  • Lyman M,
  • Chiller T,
  • Strong N,
  • Ostrosky-Zeichner L,
  • Hoenigl M,
  • Pappas PG,
  • Thompson III GR

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 16
pp. 549 – 566

Abstract

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Derek J Bays,1 Emily N Jenkins,2,3 Meghan Lyman,3 Tom Chiller,3 Nora Strong,4 Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner,4 Martin Hoenigl,5– 7 Peter G Pappas,8 George R Thompson III1,9 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; 2ASRT, Inc, Atlanta, GA, USA; 3Mycotic Disease Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; 4Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; 5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; 6Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; 7Clinical and Translational Fungal Working Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; 8Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; 9Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USACorrespondence: Derek J Bays; George R Thompson III, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is an increasingly prevalent, costly, and potentially fatal infection brought on by the opportunistic yeast, Candida. Previously, IC has predominantly been caused by C. albicans which is often drug susceptible. There has been a global trend towards decreasing rates of infection secondary to C. albicans and a rise in non-albicans species with a corresponding increase in drug resistance creating treatment challenges. With advances in management of malignancies, there has also been an increase in the population at risk from IC along with a corresponding increase in incidence of breakthrough IC infections. Additionally, the emergence of C. auris creates many challenges in management and prevention due to drug resistance and the organism’s ability to transmit rapidly in the healthcare setting. While the development of novel antifungals is encouraging for future management, understanding the changing epidemiology of IC is a vital step in future management and prevention.Keywords: Candida, epidemiology, resistance, emerging, non-albicans Candida species

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