Characterization of prevalence and mortality from arterial hypertension in Cuba, 2009-2018 decade

Abstract

Introduction: High blood pressure was the main factor associated with premature mortality, causing almost 10 million deaths and more than 200 million disability-adjusted life years in the world, also being the factor that causes the majority of deaths due to cardiovascular causes. It is a silent disease that rarely causes symptoms in early stages of the disease. It is usually not diagnosed promptly. Objective: To characterize the prevalence and mortality due to arterial hypertension in Cuba in the decade 2009-2018. Material and methods: An ecological study was carried out on arterial hypertension in Cuba. Dispensarization, gross mortality rates due to diseases of the circulatory system, heart diseases and hypertensive diseases were taken into account in the decade 2009-2018. The source of information was made up by the statistical yearbooks corresponding to those years published by the National Directorate of Statistics of the Ministry of Public Health. Results: The total prevalence of arterial hypertension in Cuba presented a slight increase in the decade. It was more frequent in the female sex. Mortality rates from hypertensive diseases exhibited an increasing trend. Conclusions: The prevalence rates of arterial hypertension reported in Cuba in the first level of health care were in the intermediate range between the world figures and the region of the Americas. In the decade, its general prevalence showed a slight increase, while mortality from hypertensive diseases almost doubled, which suggests the need to optimize the active screening for arterial hypertension.

Keywords

• hipertensión arterial, enfermedades cardiovasculares, mortalidad, factores de riesgo