Association of Hypertension With Early‐Onset Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke by the Presence of Patent Foramen Ovale: A Case–Control Study

• Jukka Putaala,
• Bettina von Sarnowski,
• Ulf Schminke,
• Raila Busch,
• Nicolas Martinez‐Majander,
• Pauli Ylikotila,
• Riikka Lautamäki,
• Marialuisa Zedde,
• Teresa Grimaldi,
• Tomi Sarkanen,
• Marko Virtanen,
• Kristina Ryliskiene,
• Diana Zakarkaite,
• Lauri Tulkki,
• Jani Pirinen,
• Radim Licenik,
• Phillip Ferdinand,
• Cheryl Oxley,
• Janika Kõrv,
• Piibe Muda,
• Alessandro Pezzini,
• Carlo Mario Lombardi,
• Georgios Tsivgoulis,
• Satu Suihko,
• Heli Tolppanen,
• Ana Catarina Fonseca,
• Patricia Martínez‐Sánchez,
• Laura Amaya Pascasio,
• Nilufer Yesilot,
• Ali Elitok,
• Ulrike Waje‐Andreassen,
• Sahrai Saeed,
• Petra Redfors,
• Odd Bech‐Hanssen,
• Juha Huhtakangas,
• Marja Hedman,
• Pekka Jäkälä,
• Juha Sinisalo,
• Eva Gerdts

Affiliations

Jukka Putaala

Department of Neurology Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Finland

Bettina von Sarnowski

Department of Neurology University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany

Ulf Schminke

Department of Neurology University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany

Raila Busch

Department of Internal Medicine B (Cardiology) University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany

Nicolas Martinez‐Majander

Department of Neurology Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Finland

Pauli Ylikotila

Department of Neurology Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Finland

Riikka Lautamäki

Heart Center Turku University Hospital Turku Finland

Marialuisa Zedde

Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale‐IRCCS Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy

Teresa Grimaldi

Cardiology Unit Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale‐IRCCS Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy

Tomi Sarkanen

Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland

Marko Virtanen

Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland

Kristina Ryliskiene

Faculty of Medicine, Center of Neurology Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania

Diana Zakarkaite

Faculty of Medicine, Center of Neurology Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania

Lauri Tulkki

Department of Neurology Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Finland

Jani Pirinen

Department of Cardiology Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Finland

Radim Licenik

Stroke Peterborough City Hospital Peterborough United Kingdom

Phillip Ferdinand

Neurosciences University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust Stoke‐on‐Trent United Kingdom

Cheryl Oxley

Cardiac Physiology Services University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust Stoke‐on‐Trent United Kingdom

Janika Kõrv

Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery University of Tartu Estonia

Piibe Muda

Department of Cardiology University of Tartu Estonia

Alessandro Pezzini

VAI Stroke Care Program, Department of Emergency Parma University Hospital Parma Italy

Carlo Mario Lombardi

Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University of Brescia Italy

Georgios Tsivgoulis

Second Department of Neurology National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University Hospital Athens Greece

Satu Suihko

Department of Cardiology Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Finland

Heli Tolppanen

Department of Cardiology Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Finland

Ana Catarina Fonseca

Hospital Santa Maria, Faculty of Medicine University of Lisbon Portugal

Patricia Martínez‐Sánchez

Department of Neurology Torrecardenas University Hospital, University of Almería Spain

Laura Amaya Pascasio

Department of Neurology Torrecardenas University Hospital, University of Almería Spain

Nilufer Yesilot

Department of Neurology Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine Istanbul Turkey

Ali Elitok

Department of Cardiology Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine Istanbul Turkey

Ulrike Waje‐Andreassen

Department of Neurology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway

Sahrai Saeed

Department of Heart Disease Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway

Petra Redfors

Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Sweden

Odd Bech‐Hanssen

Department of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Sweden

Juha Huhtakangas

Department of Neurology Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Finland

Marja Hedman

Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland

Pekka Jäkälä

Neurocenter Neurology Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland

Juha Sinisalo

Department of Cardiology Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Finland

Eva Gerdts

Center for Research on Cardiac Disease in Women, Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Norway