Mountain gazelle optimisation‐based 3DOF‐FOPID‐virtual inertia controller for frequency control of low inertia microgrid

Abstract

Abstract The primary objective of the authors is to design a new robust and improved virtual inertia controller (VIC) for renewable energy dominated inverter interfaced low inertia microgrid (LIMG). Increasing penetration of inertia‐less renewable generation in microgrid leads to increased frequency deviation during and after a disturbance. To improve the frequency response of the LIMG, conventional VIC added with different second stage and third stage controllers are proposed in existing works. Higher degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) PID controller synchronised with fractional‐order (FO) operators are used with conventional VIC controllers. These controllers work in addition with conventional VIC and the multi‐stage controllers make the system more complex. To reduce the number of controller stages and, subsequently, reduce cost and complexity of the system, a single stage 3DOF‐FOPID controller is proposed to mitigate the frequency deviation after a disturbance in a LIMG. Performance of the proposed single stage controller is compared with that of the existing controllers to establish the advantages of the proposed controller. The parameters of the proposed 3DOF‐FOPID controller are optimised by Mountain Gazelle Optimsation. The robustness of this controller is also tested for random load fluctuation and renewable power variations in presence of system non‐linearities.

Keywords

• frequency control
• optimisation
• power generation control
• renewable energy sources
• smart power grids