Frontiers in Immunology (Jan 2024)

ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review

  • Marcos Adriano Garcia Campos,
  • Tiago de Oliveira Valois,
  • Luís Eduardo Magalhães,
  • Lucas Fernandes Vasques,
  • Rafael Goulart de Medeiros,
  • Denise Maria do Nascimento Costa,
  • Denise Maria do Nascimento Costa,
  • Natalino Salgado Filho,
  • Raquel Moraes da Rocha Nogueira,
  • Precil Diego Miranda de Menezes Neves,
  • Gyl Eanes Barros Silva,
  • Gyl Eanes Barros Silva

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298622
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14

Abstract

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With the coverage of COVID-19 vaccination, it has been possible to observe the potential side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, with the most common ones being fever, myalgia, headache, and fatigue. However, an association has been observed between new and recurrent kidney injuries, mainly glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis associated with ANCA, with the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Sinovac, and AstraZeneca vaccines, although the relationship between them is not clear. We report a case of ANCA-related vasculitis and lupus glomerulonephritis after the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. The elderly patient presented significant worsening of kidney function after immunosuppression and complications after a new onset COVID-19 infection that led to death. We provide a literature review about kidney damage related to ANCA vasculitis after COVID-19 vaccine, aiming for a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of kidney injury, its presentation, and treatment.

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