Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета (Nov 2014)
ON RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN THE HISTORY AND NATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY OF THE JEWISH DIASPORA IN TYUMEN AND TOBOLSK IN THE 19TH– EARLY20TH CENTURIES
Abstract
The research focuses on confessional tolerance, established on the territory of modern South of the Tyumen region in the XIX – early XX centuries in relation to the Jewish population of the region. The aim of the paper is to examine, basing on modernization theory, the causes, types and manifestations of the religious tolerance of the authorities and society in conditions of continuing elements of anti-Semitism. The paper shows that the origins of tolerance lie in the peculiarities of national, economic and spiritual development of the region that formed the toleration of various degrees: from de facto recognition of the equality of the Jews to a significant reduction in the level of anti-Semitism. The authors focus on the question about the impact of these factors on the weakening of religious and traditional culture of the Jews. The result of the research described in the paper is the rationale for the connection between tolerance and weakening of the national culture of the Jews. In the Jewish Diaspora, on the one hand, continuing anti-Semitism was partiallyobserved, which forced conversion to Orthodoxy; and on the other hand unimpeded contacts with the Orthodox at the household and individual level attracted numerous mixed marriages, which destroyed the traditional culture of the Jews. The authors conclude that the tradition of tolerance that developed in the 19th – early 20th centuries had basic influence on the formation of interethnic peace in the region in subsequent periods.
