Effects of Chitosan and <i>N</i>-Succinyl Chitosan on Metabolic Disorders Caused by Oral Administration of Olanzapine in Mice

Abstract

Background: The issue of human mental health is gaining more and more attention nowadays. However, most mental disorders are treated with antipsychotic drugs that cause weight gain and metabolic disorders, which include olanzapine (OLZ). The search for and development of natural compounds for the prevention of obesity when taking antipsychotic drugs is an urgent task. The biopolymer chitosan (Chi) and its derivatives have lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic properties, which makes them potential therapeutic substances for use in the treatment of metabolic disorders. The purpose of this work was to analyze the effect of the natural biopolymer Chi, its derivative N-succinyl chitosan (SuChi), and Orlistat (ORL) as a control on the effects caused by the intake of OLZ in a mouse model. Methods: Mice were fed with pearl barley porridge mixed with OLZ or combinations OLZ + Chi, OLZ + SuChi, or OLZ + ORL for 2 months. The weight, lipid profile, blood chemokines, expression of genes associated with appetite regulation, and behavior of the mice were analyzed in dynamics. Results: For the first time, data were obtained on the effects of Chi and SuChi on metabolic changes during the co-administration of antipsychotics. Oral OLZ increased body weight, food and water intake, and glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in blood. ORL and SuChi better normalized lipid metabolism than Chi, decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels. OLZ decreased the production of all chemokines tested at the 4th week of treatment and increased CXCL1, CXCL13, and CCL22 chemokine levels at the 7th week. All of the supplements corrected the level of CXCL1, CXCL13, and CCL22 chemokines but did not recover suppressed chemokines. SuChi and ORL stimulated the expression of satiety associated proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and suppressed the appetite-stimulating Agouti-related protein (AgRP) genes. All supplements improved the locomotion of mice. Conclusions: Taken collectively, we found that SuChi more than Chi possessed an activity close to that of ORL, preventing metabolic disorders in mice fed with OLZ. As OLZ carries positive charge and SuChi is negatively charged, we hypothesized that SuChi’s protective effect can be explained by electrostatic interaction between OLZ byproducts and SuChi in the gastrointestinal tract.

Keywords

• chitosan
• <i>N</i>-succinyl chitosan
• olanzapine
• orlistat
• lipid metabolism
• mice model