Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care (Jan 2020)

Top 20 drug − drug interactions, polypharmacy and analysis of the nature of risk factors due to QT interval prolonging drug use in elderly psychiatry outpatients

  • Biswadeep Das,
  • Saravana Kumar Ramasubbu,
  • Barun Kumar,
  • Vikram Singh Rawat

DOI
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1060_20
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9, no. 12
pp. 6023 – 6040

Abstract

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Introduction and Objectives: Psychotropic medications extend the corrected QT (QTc) period in the ECG. Psychiatric patients exposed to ≥ 1 psychotropic medication (s) represent a group with a marked probability of drug-activated QTc-prolongation. Prolonged QTc interval in elderly patients (age > 60 years) is connected to a greater risk of all-cause and coronary heart disease deaths. We investigated the pattern of utilization of QTc-interval prolonging medications, QT-extending interactions between drugs, and prevalence of QTc-interval prolonging risk factors in elderly patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, prospective study at the Psychiatry OPD at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India from October 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018 employing the pertinent prescriptions. Results: A total of 208 elderly patients (age 60 years or more) visiting the Psychiatry OPD during the aforementioned study period were investigated. 105 (50.5%) patients were males whereas 103 (49.5%) were females in our study. 147 out of 208 patients (70.7%) were using interacting agents with the capacity to produce TdP. 288 interacting torsadogenic medication pairs were unraveled. As per AzCERT/CredibleMeds Classification, 254 (48.8%), 181 (34.8%), and 62 (12%) interacting medications were identified with known, possible, and conditional risk of TdP, respectively. The common interacting medications belonged to antidepressant (144), proton pump inhibitor (91), antipsychotic (85), anti-nausea (46), antimicrobial (39), and H2 receptor antagonist (15) therapeutic categories. Conclusions: Many geriatric patients were administered drugs and drug combinations with heightened proclivity towards QT-interval prolongation. Therefore, we need to exigently embrace precautionary safety interventions, to be vigilant, and forestall QT-prolongation and TdP in clinical settings. Online evidence-based drug information resources can aid clinicians in choosing drugs for psychiatric patients.

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