Growth differentiation factor 11: general biological properties, metabolic effects and possible pathophysiological role in arterial hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus and age-dependent pathology (literature review)

Abstract

The review presents modern literature data on the gene­ral biological properties of the growth factor differentiation 11 (GDF11), its involvement in embryogenesis, carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, aging and apoptosis, the differences between GDF11 and myostatin, prospects for the administration of recombinant GDF11, experimental studies on GDF11 effects in animals, options of clinical application of GDF11, its versatile action in cardiovascular diseases, involvement in thrombogenesis, use in dietology, sports medicine and transfusiology, the possibilities of gene therapy of the hypertensive heart and its potential targets.

Keywords

• growth differentiation factor 11
• recombinant growth differentiation factor 11
• heroprotective and cardioprotective effects
• hypertension
• obesity
• age-dependent patho­logy
• hypertensive heart
• gene therapy
• review