Different methods for laparoscopic castration in dogs

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the different methods of performing a Laparoscopic castration in dogs and to determine the efficiency and disadvantages of each of these methods. The study was conducted on 20 locally healthy dogs aged between 10-20 months and weights between 17-33 kg. The animals were randomly divided into four groups each group consisted of 5 dogs. In the first group, the castration was done by closed the ducts deferens with titanium clips, 4 clips were used, the average time for complete this surgery is (11.06± 1.19 Minute). The disadvantages of this method the possibility of failure to apply the clips. In the second group, laparoscopic castration was done by using Monopolar electrocautery, time requires for doing this operation is (34.85 ± 10.15 min.) the disadvantages of this technique bleeding may occur during cutting the spermatic cord, and the smoke of Monopolar electrocautery which impedes the vision of the surgeon. In the third group, extracorporeal ligation technique was used. This method proved highly efficient and prevented any bleeding because we did not need to cut the blood vessels, as well as the low material cost of this method compared to the other three groups. However, the time required to perform this procedure in this way was rather long compared to the remaining three groups where the time required to conduct the surgery is (36.82 ± 7.18) minutes and the disadvantages of this method is the tightening and twisting the blood vessels during pushing the knot to put her in the place as well as the length of the surgery time. While in the fourth group the laparoscopic castration was done by thermal cautery in which the clotting and cutting of blood vessels in the spermatic cord were done in the same tool, the time required to complete this surgery is (11.91±3.73 min). All the operations were performed under general anesthesia using Ketamine HCl 5% in dose 15mg/kg B.w and Xylazine 2% and 5 mg/kg B.W) as bolus i.m injection. Blood was collected from each animal before the surgery and 14, 30 days after the surgery to measure the level of testosterone hormone in the serum. The results showed there is no significant decrease before and after the surgery in the testosterone serum level. The testis was removed one month after the surgery to observe changes in testicular tissue and epididymis, there were hemorrhagic areas, necrotic regions, glomerulosclerosis and adhesions between the tunica vaginalis and the tunica albuginea. As well as the spermatozoa was stopped. Absences of the sperm in the epididymis (spermatogenia), also there are degenerative and necrotic changes in the epithelium of the epididymis and absence of the cavities of these nuclei in the sperm. We conclude from this study that laparoscopic castration in dogs can be performed in all methods which are mentions above, however, the thermal cautery method was the best method in terms of time, safety and economic cost.

Keywords

• laparoscopic surgery
• castration
• dog