Majallah-i Dānishgāh-i ̒Ulūm-i Pizishkī-i Bābul (Mar 2024)
Investigating the Effect of Alcoholic Extract as Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Drug Biosynthesized from Onion Allium Plant
Abstract
Background and Objective: The use of chemical drugs results in substantial adverse effects and the development of drug resistance. Onion Allium cepa (O. Allium cepa) is one of the most well-known herbal treatments due to its ability to reduce inflammation and strengthen the body's immune system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract as an antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer drug biosynthesized from Onion Allium. Methods: In this laboratory study, the ethanolic extract of the onion Allium cepa plant was used to prepare the biosynthesis using a soxhlet with 75% ethanol. The UV/Vis spectrophotometry (UV-vis) and Fourier transmission infrared analysis (FTIR) were employed for characterization of ethanolic extract. Antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aurous (S. aurous) were investigated. The cytotoxic effect of alcoholic extract on AMJ-13 breast cancer cell line at different concentrations (6.125, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100) micrograms/ml was evaluated by MTT method and DPPH was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Findings: According to the results of Fourier transmission infrared analysis and phytochemical screening, numerous active substances, including polysaccharides, saponins, phenolic compounds, glycosides, and flavonoids were found in this extract. The antimicrobial activity test results revealed the largest inhibition zone in Escherichia coli as compared to Staphylococcus aureus. The AMJ-13 cell line's proliferation was greatly reduced by this extract in a concentration-dependent way when compared to the control, whereas this extract's cytotoxic activity increased with concentration. The findings demonstrated that Onion Allium cepa is a principally valuable source of powerful anti-oxidant. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, ethanolic extract of the onion Allium cepa plant has antibacterial activity and reduced malignant cell lines' ability to proliferate and showed a strong antioxidant impact.
