Common mental disorders and risk factors in rural India: baseline data from the SMART mental health project

Abstract

BackgroundAbout 10% Indians suffer from stress, depression or substance use disorders. Few receive care for these problems, especially in rural areas.AimsAs part of a broader initiative to deliver technology-enabled mental health services for rural communities (adults ≥18 years), information was collected about the prevalence of depression, anxiety and suicide risk.MethodThe study was conducted in 12 villages in the West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Additionally, data were collected about sociodemographic factors and stressful events, among others.ResultsAnxiety, depression and suicidal ideation affected 10.8, 14.4 and 3.5% of participants, respectively (N = 22 377). These were more common among women, and among those who were aged 30–59 years, uneducated, or divorced/ separated/ widowed. Stress due to financial loss was significant.ConclusionsThe study identified a significant number of people at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide, and needing care.Declaration of interestNone.

Keywords

• Mental health services
• rural communities
• common mental disorders
• low- and middle-income countries
• India
• epidemiology
• mental health intervention