Supraventricular arrhythmias among elderly and senile patients due to the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

Abstract

Background. In addition to infecting the respiratory system, COVID-19 also has a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. COVID-19 causes acute myocardial damage as well as chronic damage to the cardiovascular system. According to the studied literature, we found that among all cardiac arrhythmias among elderly and senile patients during and after a new coronovirus infection, supraventricular arrhythmias are most often recorded according to HM-ECG and ECG. There is no doubt that the syndrome of senile asthenia, supraventricular arrhythmias and the new coronavirus infection are inextricably linked and aggravate each other's condition. Therefore, we set a purpose to study the prevalence and clinical course of supraventricular arrhythmias among elderly and senile patients with SA syndrome against the background of a new coronovirus infection (COVID-19). Materials and methods. The study included 57 patients who were hospitalized in the covid hospital in Penza. In the course of the study, laboratory and instrumental indicators were analyzed. All patients were assessed for the syndrome of senile asthenia and preasthenia using the “Age is not a hindrance” questionnaire. Results. A total of 57 patients took part in the study. The age of the patients varied from 65 to 94 years, with an average of 74 ± 6 years. Women – 32 (56.1 %), men – 25 (43.9 %). During the study, the following arrhythmias were registered among patients according to 12-lead ECG and HM-ECG data: sinus tachycardia was detected among 13 people (22.8 %); sinus bradycardia – 10 people (17.5 %); AV nodal tachycardias were registered in only 2 patients (3.5 %); atrial fibrillation among 24 patients (42.1 %); atrial flutter – 3 cases (5.3 %); supraventricular extrasystoles were detected in 5 patients (8.8 %). Conclusions. In the course of the study, we found that among elderly and senile patients against the background of a new coronovirus infection (CJVID-19), of all supraventricular arrhythmias, the most common is atrial fibrillation (42.1 % of cases), followed by sinus tachycardia (22.8 % ), and having a protracted long non-stopping character and sinus bradycardia (17.5 % of cases). Among the study group of patients, according to the questionnaire "Age is not a hindrance", senile asthenia syndrome was recorded among 34 patients (59.6 %). According to the XM-ECG data, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (45.9 %) was predominantly registered in this group of patients. According to ECHO-KG data, the majority of patients with atrial fibrillation had an enlarged left atrium (Arithmetic mean (M): 41.15, Median (Me): 42), which indicates an increased risk of arrhythmia complications.

Keywords

• frailty syndrome
• elderly patients
• covid-19
• cardiovascular diseases
• myocardial damage
• arrhythmias
• atrial fibrillation