Jurnal Agro (Dec 2022)
Kemampuan Pseudomonas spp. Pendar fluor dan Bacillus spp. Dalam mengendalikan penyakit hawar pelepah jagung
Abstract
Upaya meningkatkan produksi jagung di Indonesia seringkali mengalami beberapa kendala, di antaranya adanya infeksi Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, penyebab penyakit hawar pelepah daun. Pengendalian hayati menggunakan bakteri antagonis indigenous jagung diharapkan dapat mengendalikan penyakit hawar pelepah jagung. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan bakteri antagonis Pseudomonas spp. pendar fluor dan Bacillus spp. dalam mengendalikan penyakit hawar pelepah dan memacu pertumbuhan tanaman pada tanaman jagung. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan 8 perlakuan meliputi Pseudomonas spp. pendar fluor BB.R1, Pseudomonas spp. pendar fluor PPD.B5, Bacillus spp. BB.R3, Bacillus spp. BK.R5, Bacillus spp. BB.B4, Bacillus spp. BK.A1, serta fungisida (fluopikolid 6% + propineb 67%) dan kontrol. Variabel yang diamati meliputi masa inkubasi, intensitas penyakit, AUDPC, jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, bobot tanaman segar dan kering, bobot akar segar dan kering, serta panjang akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bakteri antagonis asal rizosfer dan endofit mampu menekan penyakit hawar pelepah jagung, dengan menurunkan intensitas penyakit sebesar 42,87-85,69% dan AUDPC 53,19-87,23%. Pseudomonas spp. pendar fluor BB.R1, Bacillus spp. BB.R3 serta Bacillus spp. BB.B4 mampu meningkatkan beberapa komponen pertumbuhan tanaman jagung antara 9,5-40,49%. Bakteri Pseudomonas spp. pendar fluor BB.R1, Bacillus spp. BB.R3 serta Bacillus spp. BB.B4 memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pengendali penyakit hawar pelepah jagung serta mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. ABSTRACT The efforts to increase maize production in Indonesia experienced several constraints, including the infection of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, the cause of sheath blight disease. Biological control, with antagonistic bacteria from indigenous maize, can be used to control maize sheath blight disease. This study was aimed to determine the ability of fluorescent Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. to control sheath blight and promote plant growth in maize. The study used a randomized complete block design with eight treatments, including the fluorescent Pseudomonas BB.R1, fluorescent Pseudomonas PPD.B5, Bacillus spp. BB.R3, Bacillus spp. BK. R5, Bacillus spp. BB.B4, Bacillus spp. BK.A1, fungicides (fluopicolide 6% + propineb 67%) and controls. Variables observed including incubation period, disease intensity, AUDPC, number of leaves, plant height, fresh and dry plant weight, fresh and dry root weight, and root length. The results showed that antagonist bacteria could suppress maize sheath blight by reducing disease intensity from 42.87 to 85.69% and AUDPC from 53.19 to 87.23%. Fluorescent Pseudomonas BB.R1, Bacillus spp. BB.R3, and Bacillus spp. BB.B4 increased several components of maize growth from 9.50 to 40.49 %. The fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. BB.R1, Bacillus spp. BB.R3 and Bacillus spp. BB.B4 potentially utilized to control sheath blight disease and promote plant growth in maize.
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