PLoS ONE (Jan 2024)

Effects of speculum lubrication on cervical smears for cervical cancer screening: A double blind randomized clinical trial.

  • Chito P Ilika,
  • George U Eleje,
  • Michael E Chiemeka,
  • Frances N Ilika,
  • Joseph I Ikechebelu,
  • Valentine C Ilika,
  • Emmanuel O Ugwu,
  • Ifeanyichukwu J Ofor,
  • Onyecherelam M Ogelle,
  • Osita S Umeononihu,
  • Johnbosco E Mamah,
  • Chinedu L Olisa,
  • Chijioke O Ezeigwe,
  • Malarchy E Nwankwo,
  • Chukwuemeka J Ofojebe,
  • Chidinma C Okafor,
  • Onyeka C Ekwebene,
  • Obinna K Nnabuchi,
  • Chigozie G Okafor

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292207
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 19, no. 5
p. e0292207

Abstract

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BackgroundSpeculum lubrication may help to reduce the pain experienced during Pap-smear collection and hence increase uptake of cervical cancer screening and repeat testing, but there are fears of its interference with cytological results.AimTo determine and compare the adequacy of cervical cytology smears and the mean pain scores of women undergoing cervical cancer screening with or without speculum lubrication.MethodsThis was a randomised controlled study of 132 women having cervical cancer screening at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Sixty-six participants were randomly assigned to the 'Gel' and 'No Gel' groups, respectively. Pap smears were collected from each participant with a lubricated speculum ('Gel group') or a non-lubricated speculum ('No Gel group'). The primary outcome measures were the proportion of women with unsatisfactory cervical cytology smears and the mean numeric rating scale pain scores, while the secondary outcome measures were the proportion of women who were willing to come for repeat testing and the cytological diagnosis of Pap-smear results.ResultsThe baseline socio-demographic variables were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in the proportion of unsatisfactory cervical smear results between the two groups (13.6% vs. 21.2%, p = 0.359). However, the mean pain scores were significantly lower in the gel group than in the no gel group (45.04 vs. 87.96; p 0.999) were willing to come for repeat cervical smears in the future.ConclusionSpeculum lubrication did not affect the adequacy of cervical smears but significantly reduced the pain experienced during pap smear collection. Also, it did not significantly affect the willingness to come for repeat cervical smears in the future.Trial registrationThe trial was registered with the Pan-African Clinical Trial Registry with a unique identification and registration number: PACTR2020077533364675.