Assessment of Five-Year Survival of Children with Acute Lymphatic Leukemia and Its Related Factors in Qom Province, (Iran)

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The most common type of cancer in children is leukemia, and most common type of which in children under the age of 19 years is acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The survival of the affected children varies from region to region. The aim of this study was to determine the five-year survival of children with acute lymphatic leukemia and its related factors in Qom Children Hospital. Methods: This historical cohort study was carried out using data obtained from children’s records that were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from 2007 to 2017. The extracted data included age, gender, family history of leukemia, history of radiation therapy and radiation, history of contact with chemicals, parental occupation, living area, blood type and type of leukemia, tests, and initial examinations of the patient. Data were analyzed using Kaplan Meier charts and Cox survival analysis. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05. Results: In this study, a total of 97 patients were studied. The mean age of the patients was 5.12±3.99 years, and 55.67% (54 subjects) were male. The five-year survival rate of children was 65.10%. Among the studied factors, only the age of diagnosis and history of recurrence was significantly associated with the survival of patients, so that the survival was lower in the patients who had less than one year of age or had a history of recurrence. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Qom province is lower than that in other studies. Moreover, the survival of children was associated with age of developing the disease and history of recurrence variables.

Keywords

• acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• survival
• children