Iterative Pilot-Based Reference Frame Estimation for Improved Data Rate in Two-Dimensional Display Field Communications

Abstract

Recently, display-to-camera (D2C) communication, including display field communication (DFC), has gained attention due to advancements in display technology and the widespread availability of cameras in handheld devices. In this study, we proposed an iterative pilot-based reference-frame estimation scheme to increase the data rate of a 2D-DFC system. To estimate the reference frame, pilot symbols are inserted between the data symbols of the transmitted image frames. Using pilot symbols, we can compensate for the distortion in the received frame and estimate the data pixels of the reference frames. After the first iteration, we use some of the data symbols as virtual pilot symbols for the next iteration. This process is repeated using both the original and virtual pilots; furthermore, by conducting several iterations, all the data pixels of the reference frame are estimated to reconstruct the reference frame. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly boosts the achievable data rate of the 2D-DFC communication system by almost twofold, while maintaining the unobtrusiveness of the display.

Keywords

• display-to-camera communication
• display field communication
• iterative channel estimation
• image reconstruction