The minimum inhibitory concentration of Benomyl for four fungal species on historical papers

Abstract

Paper relics have historical, artistic and scientific values in the human cultural heritage viewpoint. Given the importance of this material, its preservation is a matter of great interest. Biodeterioration and specially fungi are one of main decay factors of cellulose structure of paper. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Benomyl for Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus Terreus, Penicillium and Cladosporium isolated from infected papers and manuscripts. Isolates were tested for sensitivity to benomyl also been compared with each other. Fungal genera were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of isolated samples by using slide culture method and optical microscope disk diffusion method was used In order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of Benomyl alcohol treatments on paper. ASTM D 2020-92 Standard Test Methods for Mildew were used to assess fungal resistance of treated paper. These test methods cover the qualitative determination of mildew (fungus) resistance of paper and paperboard, particularly those types which have been given a fungus resistant treatment. The results showed that all tested fungi are sensitive to Benomyl and Benomyl alcohol treatment prevents the growth of isolates on paper. Penicillium has the least MIC 12/5 ppm, and the highest MIC, 100 ppm, belong to Aspergillus niger. MIC obtained for Aspergillus terreus and Cladosporium was 50 ppm. In all isolates with increasing concentration of ethanolic solution of Benomyl the diameter of colonies in comparison with the control group, decreased And the percentage inhibitionof fungal growth on paper increased the results demonstrarte that the 100 ppm concentration of Benomyl in ethanol can be the lowest concentration necessary to provide an efficient antifungal action.

Keywords

• antifungal
• Benomyl
• Paper relics
• MIC