Heliyon (Nov 2023)
A comprehensive evaluation of the effect of key parameters on the performance of DTPA chelating agent in modifying sandstone surface charge
Abstract
Despite the positive aspects of low salinity water (LSW), this technique is relatively expensive and unavailable in some countries. Furthermore, potential problems associated with LSW such as scale precipitation in carbonate reservoirs and fine migration in sandstone reservoirs raise concerns. Chelating agents have the ability to chelate metal ions from solution, effectively reducing the salinity of seawater (SW) and mimicking the behavior of LSW. However, they mitigate the challenges associated with LSW injection. This study focuses on how the Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelating agent performs in modifying rock surface charge. The impact of concentration, brine salinity, potential determining ions (PDIs), oil presence, Fe3+ ions, and solution pH on the effectiveness of DTPA in altering rock surface charge was evaluated. Furthermore, wettability alteration and sand pack flooding tests were conducted to study the effect of DTPA on rock wettability and oil recovery. Results of wettability alteration, zeta potential, sand pack flooding experiments and ion concentration analysis are reported in this paper. The results showed that reducing salinity, increasing DTPA concentration, and raising solution pH changed rock wettability from oil-wetness towards water-wetness. The presence or absence of PDIs in the solution did not affect the performance of DTPA. However, by tripling the concentration of these ions in the solution, the performance of DTPA in changing rock surface charge was impaired. Based on the wettability alteration and zeta potential experiments, 5 wt% DTPA was determined as the optimum concentration. Subsequent flooding experiments revealed that injecting 5 wt% DTPA chelating agents into the sandstone sand pack after SW injection increased oil recovery from 48 % to 68.3 %. The analysis of ion concentrations also revealed a significant increase in the amount of calcium ions during the DTPA flooding, indicating the chelation of metal ions from both rock and solution and improving the wettability conditions.
