來自邊緣的雜音：兩位青少女哪吒的性別認同形構 Voices from Marginality: The Construction of Gender Identity on Two “Bad” Girls

Abstract

早期的青少年文化研究，多半將焦點放在男孩身上，忽略女孩獨特的文化形式及認同形構，自1970年代後期以來，雖然以青少女為主體的實徵研究逐漸增多，然而，主流青少女研究不是傾向將女孩描述為「精神纏足」或「陰柔特質」的受害者⎯⎯簡化了性別認同在不同情境脈絡底下的多元複數形式，就是容易忽略性別認同與種族、階級等面向的關係。為了探求那些被主流論述排擠到邊緣，甚至被視為偏差的認同形式，本研究採質性取向的民族誌研究，呈現兩位國中叛逆青少女的主體觀點與生活經驗。研究發現，由於不同場域有其對應的文化資本，在不同的文化場域中，她們聰明地展現受 用的特質。因此，這些邊緣青少女的性別認同並不只是單面向地呈現出一種靜止的樣貌，相反地，她們的性別認同擺盪於陰柔和陽剛的兩端。同時，本文將呈現出她們的矛盾性認同，如何持續地和所屬場域的文化規則進行協商、拉扯，並與其階級、種族動力緊密交纏。 Traditionally, youth cultural studies have mostly focused on clearly visible features which are mainly related to boys' culture, and therefore ignoring girls' experiences. Besides, some versions of feminism tend to lean toward gender reductionism, failing to account for gender differences within sex categories, and therefore we know very little about diverse female identities. To cast light on multiple versions of gender identity formation, this research applies ethnography on two so called “bad” girls in Taiwan. This paper investigates their perceptions of gender identities as well as how their gender identities intertwine with class and racial dynamics, thereby simultaneously reproducing and challenging existing social categories.

Keywords

• 青少年文化研究
• 青少女
• 女性氣質
• 性別認同
• 認同形構
• youth cultural studies
• girls’ culture
• femininity
• gender identity
• identity formation