Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (Jan 2024)

Tumor necrosis factor mediates the impact of PM2.5 on bone mineral density: Inflammatory proteome Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses

  • Mingzheng Li,
  • Peng Shi,
  • Huajie Yang,
  • Suyuan Tong,
  • Nianfeng Qiu,
  • Fan Yao,
  • Yuan Du,
  • Shuhua Xi,
  • Fei Wang

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 270
p. 115896

Abstract

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To assess the causal effect of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on human bone mineral density (BMD) and to explore the possible mechanism and proportion mediated by inflammation-related protein. The genetic correlation between PM2.5 and BMD was assessed using the Linkage Disequilibrium Score (LDSC), and the causal effect between PM2.5 and BMD was assessed by two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR). A 2-step Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was employed to evaluate the potential role of inflammation-associated protein as the mediator in the causal association between PM2.5 and BMD. The multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) study was designed to perform mediation analyses, exclude possible confounders and calculate the proportion of mediation. Subsequently, we used Bayesian colocalization analysis to consolidate the MR results. Finally, using drug-target MR design, we evaluated the potential repurposing of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP). The results of the analyses show that BMD is negatively influenced by PM2.5 (Inverse variance weighted [IVW] beta [β] = −0.288, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.534 – −0.042, P 0.05). After adjusting PM2.5 and TAC-1, there was still a negative causal association between TNF and BMD (IVW β = −0.089, 95% CI: −0.166 – −0.012, P < 0.05). In the final drug-target MR study, the protective effect of TNF/TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) inhibition on BMD was observed. For every 10% decrease of circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) achieved by TNF/TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) blockade, β was 0.540 (95% CI: 0.040–1.040) for BMD. We found a negative causal association between PM2.5 and BMD and that causal association was mediated by TNF. The results of drug-target MR do support TNFR1 as a promising target for OP prevention among the general population.

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