Correction of Twenty-Six Verses from Saadi's Bustan Corrected by Dr. Gholam Hossein Yousefi

Abstract

Among the famous and reliable corrections of Saadi's Bustan, including the corrected version of Professor Gholam Hossein Yousefi, despite many merits, there are some mistakes.Professor Yousefi's proofreading is important in the literary and academic community and is used and cited by professors and students as one of the main sources of Saadi's poetry. The author, who has been teaching Busan at the university for several years while appreciating the valuable efforts of Professor Yousefi, considers it her duty to share with the readers of this work the problems that have occurred to her while studying and teaching.For this purpose, she first extracted the verses that seemed to have a connection with other verses in terms of meaning, syntactic structure, etc. Saadi and sometimes other poets chose the preferred recording.Therefore, in this article, twenty-six examples of these problems are classified and discussed in the following order:Problems related to the meaning of the word or sentence.Verses that do not match Saadi's speech style.Problems that are related to the syntax of words.Problems caused by not paying attention to the script of the text.Problems related to the connection of verses. Keywords: Bustan, Saadi, Correction, Gholam Hossein Yousefi.1.IntroductionGholam Hossein Yousefi's revision of Saadi’s Bustan has more credibility and acceptance than other revisions of this book. although it is not without problems.In this article, the author has reviewed and criticized twenty-six cases of Dr. Yousefi's proofreading problems. Literature ReviewRegarding the correction of Bustan, especially in the criticism of Yousefi's correction, two studies have been carried out: the book Restored Verses of Saadi's Bustans authored by Dr. Jafar Moayed Shirazi, in which one hundred and ten verses from Bustan are examined in terms of correction, and the article "Criticism on Correcting Some Verse of the Boostan" by Dr. Mohammad Nikmanesh, which examines twelve verses and is of course mostly related to the description of verses. MethodologyFirst, the author extracted the verses that seemed to have problems in terms of meaning, syntactic structure, etc., and by referring to the description of the modified versions given by Professor Yousefi at the end of the book, she examined the different recordings according to the style of Saadi's speech. in a technical and analogical way, citing and referencing the poems of Saadi and sometimes other poets, the author chose the preferred recording, and in the present article, she has reviewed twenty-six verses of such verses.4.ConclusionThe total problems related to Bustan's correction, which have been reviewed in this article, can be divided into five categories:1) Problems that are related to the meaning of the word or sentence and there are a total of nine cases in the following order:1_1. Verse 72Text recording:Orphan, whose uncreated Koran soundlyEffaced so many confessions’ librariesکتبخانۀ چند ملت بشست یتیمی که ناکرده قرآن درستSuggested recording: seven1_2. Verse 226Text recording:Nature, this becomes to a man in prudenceIn hope of good and fear of evilبه امید نیکی و بیم بدی طبیعت شود مرد را بخردیSuggested recording: The verse should be removed. 1_3. Verse 527Text recording:But if he till late the night enlivensMen sleep reposefully, and even soothedبخسبند مردم به آرام و ناز وگر زنده دارد شب دیرتازSuggested recording: دیریاز1_4. Verse 1523Text recording:Tears his robes, like a rose at the hand of a thorn For the warm lover smiles, like the pomegranate tornکه خون در دل افتاده خندد چو نار بدرّد چو گل جامه از دست خارSuggested recording: ندرّد1_5. Verse 2520Text recording:I have not seen a thorn pierce a flower so quick,As the heads of his arrows pierced shields that were thickکه پیکان او در سپرهای جفت چنان خار در گُل ندیدم که رفتSuggested recording: زفت 1_6. Verse 2586Text recording:For a Tartar's hard arrow-head, stuck in the chest, Is better than eating what will not digestبه از نقل مأکول ناسازگار که در سینه پیکان تیر تتارSuggested recording: ثقل1_7. Verse 2905Text recording:Do not show to a man what lies hid in your mind! For he, surely, will tell it to all he can findکه او خود نگوید برِ هر کسی تو پیدا مکن راز دل بر کسیSuggested recording: بگوید1_8. Verse 2910Text recording:You know when a fiend from his cage gets away,He will never return, though "la-houl"[1] you should sayنیاید به لاحولِ کس باز پس تو دانی که چون دیو رفت از قفسSuggested Recording: مرغ1_9. Verse 3550Text recording:No better advice Sa'di's pages contain:When a wall's undermined, do not near it remain!که چون پای دیوار کندی مایست در اوراق سعدی چنین پند نیستSuggested recording: جز این2) Problems caused by neglecting Saadi's speech style:2_1. Verse 459Text recording:Should a man rule the world from the East to the West, And plunder the rich, he's a beggar at bestچو مال از توانگر ستاند گداست بر آفاق اگر سر به سر پادشاستSuggested recording: رعیت2_2. Verse 1440Text recording:Perhaps the renowned one attacked you, instead? And, from weakness, you failed in the combat, and fled?"نیاوردی از ضعف تاب نبرد مگر بر تو نام‌آوری حمله کرد؟Suggested recording: زورآوری2_3. Verse 2138Text recording:Why do you wish well for an infidel pest? On the city and people, why evil request?چه بد خواستی بر سر خلق شهر چو بدعهد را نیک خواهی ز بهر Suggested recording: The verse should be removed.2_4. Verse 2268Text recording: The English version of this verse is not available.چو در رقص بر می‌توانند جست چرا کرد باید نماز از نشست؟ Suggested recording: The verse should be removed.2_5. Verse 2635Text recording: If your outward appearance be hideous, or fine,Has it not been portrayed by the Artist Divine?نگارندۀ دست تقدیر، اوست گرت صورت حال، بد یا نکوستSuggested recording: نگاریدۀ دست تقدیرِ 2_6. Verse 3659Text recording:Shed a shower of tears, now that eyes you have got!There's a tongue in your mouth, let excuses be brought!زبان در دهان است عذری بیار کنونت که چشم است اشکی ببارSuggested recording: کنون کت زبان3) Some problems are related to the syntax of words:3_1. Verse 243Text recording:But a very short time sees the structure effaced Of him who an evil foundation has placedبکند آن که بنهاد بنیاد بد بسی برنیاید که بنیاد خودSuggested recording: بسی برنیامد3_2. Verse 480Text recording:I have conquered a world by my manhood and strength;And yet, to the grave cannot bear it at length."ولیکن نبردیم با خود به گور گرفتیم عالم به مردی و زورSuggested recording:ولیکن نبردند با خود به گور گرفتند عالم به مردی و زور3_3. Verse 2276Text recording:When a man has a great many others disgraced;What cares he when any one's honour's effaced?"چه غم داردش ز آبروی کسی؟ یکی کرده بی‌آبرویی بسیSuggested recording: دارد از3_4. Verse 3636Text recording:Yourself in the Oxus, who told you to cast?If you do, with your hands and your feet strike out fast!چو افتاد هم دست و پایی بزن که گفتت به جیحون درانداز تن؟Suggested recording: افتاده‌ای4) Four of the problems are caused by neglecting the script.4_1. Verse 32Text recording:The Eternal Weil-Doer, admiring good ways,In the womb with Fate's pencil a figure portrays.به کلک قضا در رحم نقشبند قدیمی نکوکار نیکی‌پسند Suggested recording: قدیمِ 4_2. Verse 3325Text recording:When they stopped the supply and divided the string,To the breast of the mother your hand had to cling.به پستان مادر درآویخت دست چو نافش بریدند روزی گسست Suggested recording:به پستان مادر درآویخت دست چو نافش بریدند و روزی گسست4_3. Verse 3632Text recording:Fate deprived me of time, in a sorrowful hour,Of which ev'ry day was the great "night of 'Pow'r."که هر روزی از وی شبی قدر بود قضا روزگاری ز من در ربودSuggested recording: شبِ4_4. Verse 3695Text recording:Fancy caused him to dote, and look frenzied and wan;The crab sunk its claws in the brains of the man.به مغزش فرو برده خرچنگ، چنگ خیالش خرف کرده کالیوه‌رنگ Suggested recording:به مغزش فرو برده خرچنگ، چنگ خیالش خرف کرد و کالیوه‌رنگ5) Another problem is related to the vertical connection of the verses, which is the result of moving the verses:1-5. Some verses have been moved from 261 to 276, and the correct order is as follows: The Great show for travelers solicitous care,That their name linked with praise through the world they may bear.Very soon will the kingdom experience decay,From which the poor stranger heart grieved comes away.Be the stranger's companion and traveller's friend !For a trav'ller will cause a good name to extend.Show respect to a guest and the pilgrims revere ;From their miseries, likewise, preserve yourself clear !From a stranger's regard it is well to abstain ;For a foe can the look of a friend eas'ly feign.The stranger, with mischievous thoughts in his head,Do not hurt ! but expel from the country, instead........* * *The rank of your aged retainers upraise!For those you have reared never show rebel ways........5_2. Verses 1180 to 1182 have nothing to do with the preceding and following verses and are related to another place, probably related to the seventh chapter (در عالم تربیت).3-5. Verses 2914 to 2920 are superfluous or belong to another place. . [1]. La haul wa la kuwata ilia billah, "There is no strength nor power but in God. " An expression used in case of sudden misfortune and to exorcise evil spirits, etc.

Keywords

• bustan
• saadi
• correction
• gholam hossein yousefi