Letter to the Editor Regarding “Advantages of the Combination of Conscious Sedation Epidural Anesthesia Under Fluoroscopy Guidance in Lumbar Spine Surgery” [Letter]

Abstract

Aleksandr Urakov,1,2,* Natalya Urakova,1,* Aleksandr Samorodov3 1Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk City, Udmurt Republic, Russian Federation; 2Department of Modeling and Synthesis of Technological Processes, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk City, Udmurt Republic, Russian Federation; 3Department of Pharmacology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa City, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Aleksandr UrakovIzhevsk State Medical Academy, Kommunarov Street 281, Izhevsk City, Udmurt Republic, 426034, Russian FederationTel [phone]Email [email protected] View the original paper by Dr Kang and colleagues

Keywords

• epidural anesthesia
• local anesthetic
• drug quality indicators
• pharmacokinetics
• pharmacodynamics