EchoGéo ()
L’aménagement du territoire tunisien : 50 ans de politiques à l’épreuve de la mondialisation
Abstract
After Tunisia became independent, there was a focus on the economic and social development, and the project to remove the effects of the regional imbalance inherited from the colonial period. Town and country planning, first seen as minor topics, were linked to the building industry and housing. It is only when tourism became prominent in the 1970’s with its corollary, spatial planning, that town and country planning were given attention. Since then, the Tunisian state set several goals in the fields of town and country planning, according to a very centralized approach. Spatial planning was conditioned by different doctrines, ie, socialism (a market economy), colonialism, neoliberalism, and by various historic and socioeconomic factors. But as a result, the development was uneven. By reason of decentralized mechanisms and the devolution, the modalities of the state intervention did not change deeply and did not contribute to overcome the disparities.Globalization has brought about an economic and social evolution in Tunisia. Nowadays, we are witnessing the shift from the spatial balance and the regional development, which were inherent to the independence of the country, to the competitiveness of the cities and the regions. We are facing the reorganization of the country, with a new logics, that of liberalism and globalization. It is in a context of an authoritarian logic of management of the territory, that we put the emphasis on the spatial contrast between the Eastern coast and the rest of the country.
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