Case Studies in Thermal Engineering (Sep 2023)
Thermodynamic and experimental analysis of drug nanoparticles preparation using supercritical thermal processing: Solubility of Chlorothiazide in different Co-solvents
Abstract
Background/purpose: Chlorothiazide is a well-known diuretic and an antihypertensive drug with poor solubility and permeability and thus low bioavailability. Producing nanoparticles of this drug via a suitable supercritical method can enhance its therapeutic efficiency. For this purpose, supercritical solubility of Chlorothiazide must be known. At 308- 338 K and 130- 290 bar, Majrashi obtained this parameter between the mole fraction of 0.417×10-5 to 1.012×10-5. The poor supercritical solubility of Chlorothiazide can be enhanced by adding a little polar co-solvent to scCO2. Model/design: In the current study, the solubility of this drug in the ternary systems of Chlorothiazide, scCO2, and different co-solvents of ethanol, DMSO, and acetone was measured. Also, the obtained experimental data were correlated by some empirical models presented by the research teams of González, Mendez-Santiago-Teja, Li, Soltani-Mazloumi, and Jouyban. Finding: The supercritical solubility of Chlorothiazide in the presence of ethanol, DMSO, and acetone was found in the mole fraction range of 1.115×10-5 to 11.895×10-5, 0.778×10-5 to 9.25×10-5, and 0.668 ×10-5 to 9.04×10-5, respectively. It has been shown that addition of these co-solvents can improve the supercritical solubility of Chlorothiazide, and in the meantime, ethanol with the greatest effect can increase it by about 2.02-11.75 times. Furthermore, the Joyban model has the most accuracy for the correlation of the obtained solubility data, and the data calculated by this model are more consistent with the experimental data. Novelty: For the first time at this work, the effect of three different co-solvents of ethanol, DMSO, and acetone on the solubility of Chlorothiazide in scCO2 was studied both experimentally and theoretically.
