Bruxism as a neurological problem (literature review)

Abstract

Bruxism is stereotypical movements of the mandibula accompanied by grinding or clenching of teeth. Bruxism has 2 circadian manifestations: during sleep (nocturnal bruxism) and during wakefulness (diurnal bruxism). Etiology of the disease is unclear but occlusal disharmony, stress management, basal ganglia dysfunction, and genetic factors are being discussed. An association between bruxism and other motor disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, oromandibular dystonia, Huntington’s disease, as well as some drugs, is observed. For bruxism diagnosis, questionnaires, clinical examination, polysomnography, electromyography, and brux checkers are used. The leading treatment method for bruxism and accompanying dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint is local administration of botulinum neuroprotein into the temporal, masseter, and lateral pterygoid muscles.

Keywords

• bruxism
• motor disorder
• masseter muscles
• botulinum toxin therapy