Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty in Patients with Modic Change

Abstract

Objective Modic change (MC) is defined as abnormalities observed in the intervertebral disc subchondral and adjacent vertebral endplate subchondral bone changes. Most studies on MC were reported in the lumbar spine and associated with lower back pain. However, MC has been rarely reported in the cervical spine, let alone in those who underwent cervical disc replacement (CDR). This study aimed to focus on MC in the cervical spine and reveal clinical and radiological parameters, especially heterotopic ossification (HO), for patients who underwent CDR. Furthermore, we illustrated the association between MC and HO. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent CDA from January 2008 to December 2019. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Radiological evaluations were used to conclude the cervical alignment (CL) and range of motion (ROM) of C2‐7, functional spinal unit angle (FSUA), shell angle (SA), FSU height, and HO. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify the risk factors for HO. The Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) method was used to analyze potential risk factors, and multivariate Cox regression was used to identify independent risk factors. Results A total of 139 patients were evaluated, with a mean follow‐up time of 46.53 ± 26.60 months. Forty‐nine patients were assigned to the MC group and 90 to the non‐MC group. The incidence of MC was 35.3%, with type 2 being the most common. Clinical outcomes (JOA, NDI, VAS) showed no significant difference between the two groups. The differences in C2‐7 ROM between the two groups were not significant, while the differences in SA ROM and FSUA ROM were significantly higher in the non‐MC than in the MC group (p < 0.05). Besides, FSU height in MC group was significantly lower than that in non‐MC group. Parameters concerning CL, including C2‐7, FSUA, SA, were not significantly different between the two groups. The incidence of HO and high‐grade HO, respectively, in the MC group was 83.7% and 30.6%, while that in the non‐MC group was 53.3% and 2.2%, and such differences were significant (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses and Cox regression showed that MC and involved level were significantly associated with HO occurrence (p < 0.05). No implant migration and secondary surgery were observed. Conclusion MC mainly affected the incidence of HO. Preoperative MC was significantly associated with HO formation after CDR and should be identified as a potential risk factor for HO. Rigorous criteria for MC should be taken into consideration when selecting appropriate candidates for CDR.

Keywords

• Cervical Disc Arthroplasty
• Cervical Disc Replacement
• Cervical Spine
• Heterogenic Ossification
• Modic Change