Depopulation and External Migration as the Institutional Risks to Personnel Safety

Abstract

A key aspect in the study of institutional risks is the formation of mechanisms for their state regulation. But the formation of such mechanisms is impossible without the presence of political and economic instruments to influence the factors that cause them. In all the diversity of these factors, the most important are those that determine the social sustainability of society, that is, determine its ability to reproduce its livelihoods. Among such factors, a special role belongs to demographic factors, on which the dynamics of the population and its age and sex structure depend. They determine the nature of the process of formation of labor resources, the size of the economically active population, the need to export or import labor, and in general - the economic development of the country and the security of the state. In our study, we focused on the study of the most significant demographic factors that have the most significant impact on the formation of institutional risks. First, an analysis of depopulation showed that a reduction in the birth rate has a negative effect on the number of labor resources, leading to a reduction in labor supply in regions with negative population dynamics. This significantly affects the sustainable functioning of the labor market as an economic institution of society. Secondly, an analysis of external migration has revealed that the departure of highly skilled labor causes significant damage to the scientific and technical potential of many countries and is a consequence of the poor quality of the institutional environment in the field of science and education. The growth of labor immigration is accompanied by increased pressure on its social infrastructure, an increase in social tensions, and gives rise to migrant-phobia in the public consciousness. Thus, depopulation and external migration have a significant impact on the quantitative and qualitative components of the labor resources, thereby enhancing the formation of the institutional risks to its personnel security.

Keywords

• regime of population reproduction
• depopulation
• fertility
• mortality
• demographic load
• labor resources
• migrations