Pseudo-pseudo epileptic seizures: epilepsy or non epileptic seizures? An update

Abstract

The concept of pseudo-pseudo seizures is often confused with epileptic seizures characterized by excessive or simultaneous anomalous neuronal activity, and with non-epileptic psychogenic seizures, which are known for their involuntary movements and decreased self-control that can mimic epilepsy, without presenting the previously described cortical alterations. Currently, these two types of seizures represent a challenge due to their similar clinical presentation, however semiology and precise office studies allow a correct clinical approach and differential diagnosis. Among epileptic seizures that generate further diagnostic difficulties and confusion are frontal lobe and temporal lobe seizures. Recognizing the semiological characteristics that can occur in these types of seizures and identifying the differences found between epileptic and non-epileptic psychogenic seizures is essential to avoid a misdiagnosis of a pseudo-pseudoseizure.

Keywords

• Epilepsy. Functional neurology. Not epileptic. Pseudoseizures. Psychogenic. Seizure.