Achievement of adequate nutrition contributes to maintaining the skeletal muscle area in patients with sepsis undergoing early mobilization: a retrospective observational study

Abstract

Abstract Background The onset of muscle loss in critically ill patients, known as intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), worsens their outcomes. Preventing muscle loss, which begins in the early phase of critical illness, is crucial in patient care. Adequate nutrition management may contribute to maintaining muscles; however, its evidence in patients with sepsis is insufficient. This study aimed to analyze the association between energy achievement rate in the first 7-days of critical care and muscle area changes evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Methods This was a retrospective observational study. Patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital in Japan were included. They were divided into three groups according to tertiles of the first 7-day energy achievement rate calculated using administered energy doses and basement energy expenditure. Skeletal muscle area (SMA) and changes in SMA were determined by CT on ICU admission and within days 7–10 of ICU admission. SMA maintenance was defined as SMA change ≥ 100%. Logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the association of energy achievement rate with SMA changes (primary outcome) and in-hospital 28-day mortality (secondary outcome). Results Patients (n = 93) were classified into low, middle, and high groups according to their 7-day energy achievement rate (median rates, 16.8%, 38.8%, and 73.4%, respectively). The CT scans showed that SMA decreased between the CT scans in the low and middle groups, whereas it was maintained in the high group (median changes, -8.5%, -11.7%, and 2.8%, respectively). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that high energy achievement rate was significantly associated with SMA maintenance (reference, middle energy achieved group; univariate, odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 6.23 [2.04–19.10], P = 0.0013; multivariate, odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 5.92 [1.90–18.40], P = 0.0021). There was no significant difference in the association between energy achievement rate and mortality among the three groups. Conclusions Our study found that a fulfillment of energy achievement in the first 7 days of hospitalization was associated with maintenance of muscle area. Thus, satisfying adequate energy should be considered even in patients with sepsis.

Keywords

• Sepsis
• Intensive care unit-acquired weakness
• Skeletal muscle area
• Nutrition
• Energy achievement rate