International Journal of Molecular Sciences (May 2024)
Proposal of Simplified Standardization of the Cell-Growth-Promoting Activity of Human Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Culture Supernatants
Abstract
The conditioned medium (CM) obtained from mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) culture has excellent cell growth-promoting activity and is used for cosmetics and healthcare products. Unlike pharmaceuticals, strict efficacy verification is not legally required for these products. However, their efficacy must be substantiated as commercial products. We attempted to simplify CM production and to standardize the evaluation of the growth-promoting activity of CM. CM was obtained through the culturing of two lines of commercially available human adipose tissue-derived MSCs using MEMα with or without 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 h. Non-CM control media were produced by the same protocol without MSCs. Growth-promoting activities of the CM were estimated by [3H]-thymidine pulse. CM were subjected to molecular weight fractionation with ultrafiltration using 10 k-, 30 k-, 50 k-, and 100 k-membranes. The FBS-free CMs showed 1.34- to 1.85-fold increases and FBS-containing CMs showed 1.45- to 1.67-fold increases in proliferation-promoting activity compared with non-CM controls, regardless of the source of the cell. The thymidine incorporation levels were approximately three times higher in FBS-containing CMs. Aged cells also showed 1.67- to 2.48-fold increases in the activity due to FBS-containing CM, but not to FBS-free CM. The CM activities were sustained even after 1 year at 4 °C. Molecular weight fractionation showed that the activity was recovered in the fraction above 100 k. Clear and stable cell-growth-promoting activity was confirmed with CMs of commercially available adipose tissue MSCs. The activity was detected in the fraction over 100 k. We propose here the importance of standardizing the production and evaluation of CMs to indicate their specific action.
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