Females at a Clear Disadvantage with Postoperative Myocardial Infarction Symptoms

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in women. Gender bias and blindness are coming into focus as relevant risk factors for patients. To date, there have been no studies that target surgeons’ potential gender bias in recognizing postoperative myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: An online clinical vignette describing a patient with postoperative MI was randomized for gender. Possible diagnoses, the next steps in management, and questions on gender bias were assessed. Results: A total of 205 surveys were analyzed. MI was recognized in 55.6% of the male case studies vs. 32.0% of the female case studies in the first question (p p = 0.001). Female surgeons listed MI as the first diagnosis twice as often as male surgeons overall (43% vs. 23%, p = 0.027). Female surgeons were also more likely to mention MI across the survey at all compared to male surgeons (89% vs. 67%, p = 0.0002). Board-certified surgeons diagnosed MI by the end of the survey significantly more (88.2%) than residents (75.0%) and medical students (75.0%, p = 0.047). Conclusions: Overall, this study was able to demonstrate the presence of both gender bias and gender blindness in surgeons’ assessment of postoperative myocardial infarction symptoms with a clear disadvantage for female patients and a superior awareness for female surgeons.

Keywords

• gender medicine
• clinical vignettes
• myocardial infarction
• gender bias
• gender blindness