ORGANIC MATTER IN HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS OF THE FAR EAST OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND SITUATIONS

Abstract

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to study the composition of organic matter in the inhabited and uninhabited areas of hydrothermal systems of different types. Organic compounds in thermal waters inhabited by communities of thermophiles and devoid of life (sterile steam-water mixture) form the biotic and abiotic circulation of organic matter, respectively. Taking into account poor knowledge of these processes in the Far Eastern hydrothermal systems, the study of the composition and genesis of the organic matter in them is important for detecting the patterns of matter transformation during the course of the cycle. In addition, the data on organic matter in the inhabited and uninhabited areas of hydrothermal systems are important for regional ecology and balneology, since thermal waters are used to treat people in sanatoriums and balneal hospitals. The main aim of the research is to carry out a comparative analysis of the composition of organic matter in different types and conditions of hydrothermal systems of the Far East and to identify the most characteristic organic compounds forming private biotic and abiotic cycles. Objects: hydrothermal systems of the continental part of the south of the Far East (thermal water from shallow wells of the Kuldur, Annensky and Tumnin of geothermal deposits) and the peninsula of Kamchatka (sterile steam-water mixture, high-temperature solution and hot springs of the Mutnovsky and Paratunsky geothermal regions). Methods: field routes, solid-phase extraction, capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, calculation of oddness indices, cartographic method. Results. There are 210 organic compounds belonging to 22 homologous series. A characteristic feature of all the studied hot waters and fluid is the predominance of simple hydrocarbons (limiting and aromatic). Basically, only these components form an abiogenic circulation of organic matter in the fluid from the uninhabited zone. In the water of hot springs of Kamchatka and from shallow wells of continental thermal fields, in addition to simple hydrocarbons, biogenic carboxylic acids and their ethers are widely distributed, and in the thermal waters, biogenic aldehydes and terpenes are also widespread. These compounds, basically, form a biogenic circulation of organic matter in hydrothermal systems. A distinctive feature of the thermal waters and fluid of the Kamchatka Peninsula from continental terms is the wider distribution of limiting and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, as well as the presence of isoprenes, isoalkenes and cycloalkanes. The most diverse composition of organic matter is observed in the thermal waters on the continent. Here, along with the components found in the thermal waters of Kamchatka, there are alkenes, diethoxyalkanes, dioxaalkanes, nitrogen/containing and chloroaromatic hydrocarbons and quinones.

Keywords

• Thermal water
• high-temperature solution
• steam-water mixture
• organic matter
• biotic and abiotic cycles