The Association Between Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration and Prognosis in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Introduction Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a typical cardiovascular emergency worldwide. Mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is a standard indicator of anemia. Studies on the association between MCHC and APE are scarce. We aimed to investigate the relationship between MCHC and APE. Methods Clinical data were extracted from the Medical Information Bank for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III. Adult (≥18 years) patients with APE admitted for the first time were included in this study. An analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between MCHC and the prognosis of patients by the Cox regression analysis, generalized additives models and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and the secondary outcomes were 1-year and 3-year mortality. Results A total of 813 patients who met the selection criteria were enrolled, of whom 130 (16.0%) died within 30 days of admission. Univariate Cox regression indicated that MCHC was significantly associated with mortality (30-day: HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66–0.82, P < 0.001; 1-year: HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.74–0.86, P < 0.001; 3-year: HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.77–0.88, P < 0.001). MCHC remains stable after adjusting multiple models. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with lower MCHC had a poorer 30-day prognosis. Conclusions Lower MCHC is an independent risk factor for increased mortality in patients with APE. As an inexpensive biomarker, MCHC should receive more attention.