Experimental Animal Models in Neurological Diseases

Abstract

The human brain is a structure that controls billions of neurons and trillions of connections. Having a unique anatomy with countless neurons and connections makes its understanding even more complex. The brain, divided into different regions for specialized functions such as memory, movement, sensation, and emotions, holds great significance in human cognition and behavior. Centuries of research, coupled with advancements in technology, have propelled neuroscience forward, facilitating the understanding of the neurological, behavioral, and structural characteristics of the brain. Developing treatments for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, migraine, epilepsy, and schizophrenia as well as understanding the complex mechanisms of these diseases, require the exploration of new treatment methods, drugs, and products through direct experimentation on humans, which raises ethical concerns. Therefore, experimental animal models are needed in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. There are currently many experimental animal models developed to elucidate the pathophysiological characteristics of neurological disorders. The aim of this review was to summarize the experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases developed today in sections. While recognizing that an experimental animal model may not fully replicate the disease process in humans, it can at least provide guidance in understanding the disease.